Nie Jinfang：The Schelling-Hegel Academic Case and the Origin of Engels’ Philosophical Thought

　　 In previous studies on the history of Marx and Engels’ thought, the “immature-mature” linear interpretation and the prevalence of “rupture theory” have led theoreticians to pay more attention to their thought in their middle and later stages, while neglecting to sort out and discern their early thoughts. For this reason, the paper discusses the origin of Engels’ philosophical thought. First, Engels wrote many works after attending Schelling’ lectures and courses at Humboldt University of Berlin, in which he summarized his understanding of the differences between Schelling and Hegel in many respects, and improved his philosophical thinking. Second, Engels’ thought broke through the perceptual attitude of observing society and the issues of the times during the Bremen period, and entered the stage of rational meditation. The most direct impact of this tour of Engels’ philosophy is reflected in the analysis of capital society in Umrisse zu einer Kritik der Nationalkonomie and The Condition of the Working Class in England. In addition, if we study Herrn Eugen Dührings Umw?lzung der Wissenschaft (Anti-Dühring) and Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassischen deutschen Philosophie in his later years from the origin of Engels’ thought, it is not difficult to find the long-term and lasting effects of his early thoughts. In the current era of globalization as we face complicated and difficult realities, rational thinking, overall observation methods and systemic principles, which are always regarded as backward, conservative and even outdated, should be more highly valued and promoted than irrational emotions, individual self-centeredness and state supremacy. This is the practical significance of Schelling and Hegel’s thoughts, and it is also what we should learn from commemorating the 200th anniversary of the birth of Engels.